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Money, Business & Property

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Electronic signatures in Paraguay: which signature you need for each use

For Portal Paraguay, Identidad Electrónica is the login account, not the qualified signature. For e-Kuatia’i, DNIT provides the required qualified certificate free of charge; e-Kuatia with a company’s own software requires a certificate from an authorised qualified trust-service provider. For general qualified document signing, the chip cédula provides a concrete F2 route. This guide starts with the use case and only then explains legal effect, obtaining a certificate and validation.

Who Is the Beneficial Owner? Paraguay’s Corporate Transparency Test in Practical Terms

Paraguay requires companies and other covered legal structures to report their beneficial owners. These are the natural persons who ultimately stand behind an entity — for example because they hold at least 10% of its capital, control substantial voting rights or exercise control in another way. Where foreign companies are shareholders, identifying the beneficial owner may require tracing several layers of ownership. This guide explains who qualifies, why the information must be reported and what role SIARA plays.

Ueno’s G. 2.1 Trillion Trust Asset: How Robust Is the Bank’s Equity?

Ueno Bank reported equity of G. 2.12 trillion at the end of 2025. At the same time, G. 2.11 trillion appeared on its balance sheet as rights in a trust created in connection with the merger with Visión Banco. The public financial statements do not explain how much of this amount consists of actual investments and how much represents deferred costs. Rating agency FIX also reports “adjusted capital” of only G. 1.22 trillion. A stress test shows why the missing details about the trust are crucial for assessing the bank.

Banking, taxes, companies, investment, and property.