Antimicrobial resistance is currently considered one of the world's greatest health challenges, making it harder to treat infections and increasing the risk of serious complications. The problem is made worse by bacteria's ability to share resistance genes among themselves, including across different species, through DNA fragments known as mobile genetic elements.
In Paraguay, researchers at the Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud of the Universidad Nacional de Asunción (IICS-UNA) are conducting studies on Escherichia coli and other resistant bacteria, aiming to understand how these genes are distributed and spread among humans, animals, and the environment. The work seeks to generate evidence for the design of more effective prevention and control strategies.
According to outreach material prepared by biochemist Nathalia Navarro, a master's student in the Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas at IICS-UNA — a postgraduate program co-funded by the Programa Prociencia — millions of people worldwide die as a result of microbial resistance. "The main cause of resistance is the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Bacteria can share antibiotic resistance genes," the researcher stated in audiovisual material published on social media.
Experts warn that self-medication, premature discontinuation of treatments, and the use of antibiotics without a medical prescription are practices that promote the emergence and spread of these resistances. When medications are used without professional guidance, in incorrect doses, or for inadequate periods, bacteria can adapt and develop survival mechanisms. Prevention and awareness are identified as fundamental tools to prevent currently treatable infections from once again posing a risk of death.